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4WD and AWD Systems Explained

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#1 ·
2015 FCA Winter Driving


2015 FCA Winter Driving with Richard Silbert
Published on Feb 24, 2015

Richard Silbert, Jeep Vehicle Integration engineer, talks about the variety of powertrain offerings from Fiat Chrysler Automobiles at the 2015 FCA Winter Driving Program in Montreal, Canada. February 2015.
 
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#2 ·
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#4 ·
Winter Off-roading in the Ram PowerWagon


Winter Off-roading in the Ram PowerWagon
Published on Feb 26, 2015

Ryan Evans, Head of Ram Brand Operations, loves talking about the brand and, even better, talking about Ram Truck capability from behind the wheel. He does both while taking the Ram Power Wagon through its off-road paces during the FCA Winter Drive program in Montreal.
 
#5 ·
From Inclement Weather to Harsh, Off-Road Environments

From Inclement Weather to Harsh, Off-Road Environments, FCA US Drivelines Deliver Full Range of Capability

Multiple segment-first and segment-exclusive applications of fuel-saving axle-disconnect and active-transfer-case technologies

Rugged 4x4 systems deliver legendary off-road performance

All-wheel-drive and 4x4 systems engineered and calibrated to complement brand character

February 26, 2015 , Auburn Hills, Mich. -

The FCA US LLC vehicle lineup is designed to get drivers where they need to go, whether their routes are caked with slush or pockmarked by muddy craters.
They might even save some fuel along the way. More importantly, they’re likely to have fun.

“Intrepid and adventurous character is baked into our vehicles,” said Jeff Lux, Vice President - Transmission Powertrain, FCA - North America. “It has to be, because our customers have places to go. Our all-wheel-drive and 4x4 systems are engineered to help them arrive at their destinations safely and efficiently, using the right technologies – some of which have redefined the industry landscape.”

FCA US is a global leader in axle-disconnect and active-transfer-case technologies, with exclusive applications in multiple segments spanning cars, SUVS and pickups.
“Our systems invite driver confidence,” Lux added. “That’s the foundation of a superior ownership experience.”

For every operating condition and customer desire, there is a corresponding FCA US all-wheel-drive (AWD) or 4x4 system. Here’s the rundown:

Front-wheel-drive-based AWD systems
The FWD-based 2015 Chrysler 200 is the first mid-size sedan to feature complete rear-axle disconnect, which reduces energy loss to improve fuel efficiency. The rear-axle disconnect seamlessly switches between front- and all-wheel drive for full-time torque management and does not require input from the driver.

The available AWD system uniquely disconnects and reconnects the rear axle – automatically and seamlessly – as needed and at any speed. On its own, the system accounts for a parasitic loss reduction of up to 80 percent compared with competitive part-time AWD systems, which are limited by conventional technology.

The power transfer unit (PTU) and rear-drive module (RDM) are the lynchpins of the system, which proactively engage and then disengage depending on road and environmental conditions. This dramatically reduces spin losses.

As a result, components that would normally contribute to the greatest parasitic loss – driveshaft, ring/pinion, input clutch plates, servo-hydraulic pump assembly and planetary gear sets – are all stationary when the vehicle is in front-wheel drive.

When AWD is engaged, the all-new 2015 Chrysler 200 sedan benefits from improved traction and enhanced driving dynamics. Sensors gather vehicle data that compel sophisticated controls to smoothly distribute torque fore and aft as required.

System triggers range from road-surface changes to electronic stability control (ESC) activation. As much as 60 percent of available torque can be transferred to the rear wheels, contributing to a total driving experience that reassures while also igniting passion.

The experience is further intensified when Sport mode is engaged, leveraging the AWD system’s full capabilities, the benefits of ESC and the unique character of the available award-winning 3.6-liter Pentastar V-6 engine.

* * *

The available AWD system in the front-wheel-drive-based 2015 Dodge Journey provides added traction on snow, ice and other low-traction surfaces by transferring power to the wheels without grip.

To accommodate reduced fuel consumption, the system drives only the front wheels – unless wheel-slip is detected. When this occurs, power is automatically split between front and rear.

Electronically controlled coupling (ECC) is at the heart of the system’s capability. In contrast, viscous-coupling or gerotor systems require some degree of front-to-rear slip before torque is transferred to the rear wheels.

The AWD Dodge Journey’s electronic control module works with the vehicle’s electronic-stability-control (ESC) and traction-control systems by using ECC to help optimize the amount of torque transmitted to the rear wheels.

At speeds greater than 53 miles per hour (mph), the control strategy provides minimal torque to the rear wheels under normal driving conditions to provide better fuel economy.

Rear-wheel-drive-based AWD systems
The redesigned, rear-wheel-drive-based 2015 Chrysler 300 features an available AWD system capable of responding to as much inclement weather as Mother Nature can dish out.

The system integrates a segment-exclusive active transfer-case and front-axle-disconnect technologies that not only enhance handling and control, but also afford greater fuel efficiency. No other major automotive manufacturer offers the combination of these two independent technologies.
The 300’s advanced AWD system seamlessly transitions between RWD and AWD with no driver intervention. The system automatically disconnects and reconnects the front axle to maximize fuel economy, contributing to a highway rating of 27 miles per gallon (mpg) – best-in-class among mainstream-brand full-size cars with AWD.

* * *

Whether winding through twisty stretches of a coastal road, to escaping away to a snow-covered ski resort, the AWD-equipped 2015 Dodge Charger is at home. It also shares bragging rights with the Chrysler 300 as the most fuel-efficient vehicle in its class for highway driving
(27 mpg).

Dodge Charger’s intelligent AWD system benefits from the same segment-exclusive active transfer case and front-axle-disconnect technologies as the 300. However, the system combines with the Charger’s specially tuned suspension to reflect the brand’s characteristic performance-oriented feel.
Nowhere is this more evident than in the 2015 Charger Pursuit Police Package. As with the RWD version, the AWD model delivers best-in-class acceleration, including 0-to-60 mph in less than six seconds.

* * *

The 2015 Dodge Durango’s rear-wheel-drive-based drivetrain is the foundation for its outstanding on-road driving performance. But that performance is further enhanced by an available, full-time AWD system, which leverages the brawny SUV’s nearly 50/50 weight distribution.

While competitors have switched to front-wheel-drive car-based platforms, the HEMI®-powered AWD Durango features a low-range transfer case with a neutral position.

Low range improves light off-road performance and helps ease maneuvers, such as pulling a boat up a steep launch or backing up with a trailer.

The neutral position in the transfer case allows the vehicle to be flat-towed without damaging powertrain components.

It benefits from three separate open differentials – one in its transfer case and one in each of its axles. This combined with brake-traction control, electronic stability control (ESC) and an antilock braking system (ABS), affords exceptional performance in inclement weather.

Front-wheel-drive-based 4x4 systems
The 2015 Jeep Cherokee offers customers a choice of three innovative 4x4 systems for best-in-class 4x4 capability in all weather conditions. The Jeep Cherokee is the first mid-size SUV to feature rear-axle disconnect, which benefits fuel economy by reducing the energy loss normally associated with deactivating 4x4 mode.

The rear-axle disconnect seamlessly switches between two- and four-wheel-drive for full-time torque management and does not require driver input. The Cherokee’s three systems are:

Jeep Active Drive I
Available on the Cherokee Sport, Latitude and Limited models, Jeep Active Drive I features a single PTU, which is fully automatic and delivers seamless operation in and out of four-wheel drive at any speed. The system does not require any driver intervention or feedback, delivers yaw correction during dynamic events and improves both understeer and oversteer conditions. Jeep Active Drive I offers balanced torque distribution with brake traction control. The four-wheel-drive performance results from a fully variable wet clutch housed in the rear drive module. The clutch supplies the proper amount of torque for any driving condition, including slippery conditions, aggressive starts and dynamic driving. Sophisticated controls enable the system to contribute to the driving dynamics while interacting with the electronic stability control (ESC) system when approaching the traction limits of the road surface.

Jeep Active Drive II
Available on the Cherokee Sport, Latitude and Limited models, Jeep Active Drive II includes a two-speed PTU with torque management and low range. 4-Low mode locks the front and rear drive shafts for low speed power or towing. Low range provides a 2.92:1 gear reduction. The gear reduction allows for enhanced climbing ability as well as outstanding crawl ratios for severe off-road conditions. The 2014 Jeep Cherokee with Jeep Active Drive II gives the off-road adventurer a crawl ratio of 56:1 when powered by the 2.4-liter MultiAir2 Tigershark I-4 engine, and 47.8:1 when powered by the new 3.2-liter Pentastar V-6 engine, which is as much as a 90-percent improvement versus the outgoing Liberty. Jeep Active Drive II works in conjunction with the Selec-Terrain system to aggressively modify the torque distribution while monitoring the engine transmission and ESC system, providing power to the wheels that will deliver the most traction.

Jeep Active Drive Lock
Jeep Active Drive Lock includes all the features of Jeep Active Drive II and adds a locking rear differential for superior low-speed power for rock crawling or severe off-road conditions. The locking rear differential is selectable in any low-range terrain mode, but will lock automatically when in certain modes, such as “Rock,” to maximize tractive effort, which the tire patch can support. Jeep Active Drive Lock is standard on all Trailhawk models.Selec-Terrain traction control allows the driver, with a push of a button, to choose the appropriate on- or off-road setting for optimum performance. It electronically coordinates and optimizes up to 12 systems on any terrain, providing enhanced vehicle control through the drivetrain control module, electronic brake controller, ESC, transmission controller, powertrain controller and Selec-Speed Control (Hill-ascent and Hill-descent Control).


Selec-Terrain modes are:

Auto

Standard Drive mode
Standard electronic brake controls
Automatically detects need for four-wheel-drive engagement
Front/rear torque split is fully active and variable depending on the driving conditions


Sport

For enhanced on-road driver control
Traction control is limited
ESC slip thresholds are raised
Driveline torque bias for improved cornering
Allows for a target front/rear torque split of up to 40/60 percent


Snow

Second gear launch
For use in inclement weather
Slick surface electronic brake controls
Full-time four-wheel drive
Allows for a target front/rear torque split of up to 60/40 percent


Sand/Mud

For enhanced driver control in off-road conditions
Off-road electronic brake controls
Full-time four-wheel drive
Allows for a front/rear torque split of up to 100 percent rear


Rock (available with Jeep Active Drive Lock)

For use on obstacles
Off-road electronic brake controls with increased brake lock differential capacity
Available in 4-Low only
Allows for a front/rear torque split of up to 100 percent rear


In addition, the ESC system will change mode in coordination with the Selec-Terrain mode chosen:

ESC remains full on with Auto and Snow modes
ESC is off when in 4-Low
ESC is in Partial mode for Sport, and Sand/Mud modes


Partial mode means aid from traction control and stability control are reduced, but anti-lock braking system (ABS) and electronic roll mitigation remain fully enabled In 4-Low, the Selec-Terrain system shifts front and rear axles to a 2.92:1 gear set for increased torque and control off-road.

When in neutral, the 2015 Jeep Cherokee equipped with Jeep Active Drive II disconnects the driveline for flat towing behind another vehicle, such as a recreational vehicle (RV).

* * *

The all-new 2015 Jeep Renegade offers a choice of two innovative driveline systems for best-in-class 4x4 capability in all weather conditions. Both systems are first-time applications, designed to accommodate the Renegade’s new “small-wide 4x4” architecture.” A rear-axle disconnect system delivers 4x2 levels of fuel-efficiency and instantly engages 4x4 when additional traction is needed.

Both systems automatically and seamlessly switch between 4x2 and 4x4 for full-time torque management and optimal traction when required.

Jeep Active Drive
Enabled by an innovative PTU, Jeep Active Drive is fully automatic and delivers seamless operation in and out of four-wheel drive, and at any speed. This system requires no driver intervention, delivers yaw correction during dynamic events and improves both understeer and oversteer conditions. Jeep Active Drive can provide up to 1,475 lb.-ft. (2,000 N•m) of the engine’s available torque to the rear wheels, enabling optimal grip in low-traction conditions. A fully variable wet clutch housed in the rear-drive module utilizes the Jeep brand’s proprietary controls to provide the proper amount of torque for any driving condition, including low-traction surfaces, aggressive starts and dynamic driving.

Jeep Active Drive Low
Providing the all-new Renegade Trailhawk with best-in-class off-road capability, Jeep Active Drive Low builds on the Jeep Active Drive system and affords a 20:1 crawl ratio for 4x4 Trail Rated capability.

Jeep Active Drive and Active Drive Low feature the brand’s Selec-Terrain traction-control system. Selec-Terrain allows the driver to dial in the desired on- or off-road setting for optimum performance.

Up to five customized settings are offered: Auto, Snow, Sand, Mud, and exclusively on the Trailhawk model’s Jeep Active Drive Low system, Rock mode. For even greater Trail Rated off-road capability, Selec-Terrain includes Selec-Speed Control with Hill-descent Control.

* * *

The 2015 Jeep Compass and Jeep Patriot offer customers a choice of two 4x4 systems: one that affords robust on-road performance, and another that delivers segment-topping off-road capability.

Jeep Freedom Drive I 4x4 is an available full-time, active four-wheel-drive system with lock mode designed to give drivers year-round assurance with the ability to handle rough weather and low-traction conditions. This active four-wheel-drive system is recommended for daily use, including slick conditions that come with rain and light snow.

Freedom Drive I also features a lockable center coupling, giving drivers the ability to put the Jeep Compass in four-wheel-drive lock mode to handle deep snow, sand and other low-traction surfaces.

The Jeep Freedom Drive II 4x4 Off-road Package is an available four-wheel-drive system that delivers Jeep Trail Rated capability in Compass form. The Freedom Drive II Off-road Package includes a second-generation continuously variable transaxle with low range (CVT2L) that engages when the off-road mode is activated, 17-inch all-terrain tires and aluminum wheels, a one-inch raised ride height, a full-size spare tire, skid plates, tow hooks, fog lamps and manual seat height adjuster.

The available Freedom Drive II Off-road Package is recommended for off-road situations that include steep grades, occasional wheel lift and rock or log climbing.

Rear-wheel-drive-based 4x4 systems
Power is most effective when properly distributed. So Ram’s 4x4 systems are engineered accordingly with robust, premium axle and transfer-case technologies.

Two transfer cases are available on the 2015 Ram 1500: the 44-45, which enables part-time four-wheel-drive (4x4) operation with a two-speed gear system; and the 44-44, which enables on-demand 4x4 functionality, also via a two-speed gear system.

Depending on other equipment choices, the transfer cases are engaged with either a dash-mounted rotary dial or dash-mounted buttons.

The part-time transfer case delivers three operating ranges: 2HI (two-wheel drive), 4HI (four-wheel drive) and 4LO (low-range reduction four-wheel drive) plus a neutral position.

The 2HI is designed for any road surface at any time. Both 4HI and 4LO are for off-road use or slick surfaces. Operating modes may be switched between 2HI and 4HI while the vehicle is in motion, but the vehicle’s transmission must be in neutral to engage 4LO.

The low-range reduction ratio for 4LO is 2.64:1, which provides increased low-speed torque capability for pulling power in off-road conditions.

The on-demand transfer case affords drivers the flexibility to choose from four operating ranges: auto, 2HI, 4HI and 4LO. Auto provides optimum versatility by automatically providing 4WD traction, depending on road conditions.

Driveshafts incorporate 1350-series universal joints, two-piece thrust washers with triple-lip seals and improved journal cross-strength.

Four-wheel-drive models offer three final-drive ratios: 3.21, and 3.55 and 3.92, which are available on both the 2WD and 4WD models. This affects engine rpm throughout the operating range for better fuel economy.

Four-wheel-drive models of the Ram 1500 also use a front axle designed for optional air suspension or standard torsional independent front suspension, incorporating half-shafts that drive front hubs. For improved fuel economy, the axle also has a disconnect system that automatically disengages when four-wheel-drive is disengaged.

In addition, an optional helical-gear, limited-slip rear axle is available. The limited-slip function instantaneously divides torque between the rear wheels in proportion to the traction available to each wheel. The system is consistently smooth when turning corners because it responds only to variations in traction.

* * *

The 2015 Ram Power Wagon heavy-duty pickup is the most capable production off-road truck in its segment and boasts a part-time, manual-engagement 44-47 transfer case.

The Power Wagon’s axles are the pinnacles of durability. The units measure 9.25 inches in the front and 11.5 inches in the rear (increase from 10.5 inches), delivering power via a 4.10:1 ring and pinion ratio.

Robust rear axle shafts are upgraded to 38 mm, providing rotating force directly to the 33-inch tire/wheel combination. Both axles include electronic locking differentials driven by electro-magnetic actuators.

All Ram Heavy Duty pickups feature segment-exclusive front axle disconnect systems. When conditions warrant, front drivetrain components are disconnected to reduce parasitic loss and improve overall efficiency.

Two part-time transfer cases are available on the Ram Heavy Duty. The 44-46 is an electric shifting part-time transfer case with 2WD (two-wheel-drive), 4WD (four-wheel-drive) High, 4WD Low and Neutral; 44-47 is a manual shifting transfer case with 2WD, 4WD High, 4WD Low and Neutral.

Both options offer a low-range ratio of 2.64 and locking differential from front to rear.

* * *

The 2015 Jeep Grand Cherokee features three available full-time 4x4 systems (Quadra-Trac I, Quadra-Trac II and Quadra-Drive II) and the Selec-Terrain traction management system.

Quadra-Trac I features a single-speed transfer case that accommodates full-time four-wheel drive – without any switches or levers to pull.

The Quadra-Trac II’s two-speed transfer case uses input from a variety of sensors to determine tire slip at the earliest possible moment. Then it takes corrective action.
When wheel slippage is detected, as much as 100 percent of available torque is instantly routed to the axle with the most traction.

Quadra-Drive II, with a rear Electronic Limited-slip Differential (ELSD), delivers industry-leading tractive capability. The system instantly detects tire slip and smoothly distributes engine torque to tires with traction. In some cases, the vehicle will anticipate low traction and adjust in order to proactively limit or eliminate slip.

* * *

With its live axles and electronic lockers, the 2015 Jeep Wrangler delivers unmatched off-road capability with legendary four-wheel drive and benefits from more than seven decades of 4x4 engineering experience.

The Jeep Wrangler is available with several axle gear ratios allowing customers to optimize fuel economy and/or vehicle capability. Wrangler is available with 3.21, 3.73 or 4.10 ratios depending on model. Also, Wrangler offers towing capability up to 3,500 pounds.

The capable driveline of the Sport and Sahara models feature a Dana 30 front axle and Dana 44 rear axle. The Command-Trac NV241, part-time, two-speed transfer case features a 2.72:1 low-range gear ratio.

In addition, an optional Trac-Lok limited-slip rear differential provides extra torque and grip in low-traction environments such as sand, mud or snow.

The Wrangler Rubicon model features heavy-duty Dana 44 front and rear axles and the Rock-Trac NV241 two-speed transfer case with a 4.0:1 low-range gear ratio. Rubicon also includes electric front and rear locking differentials, disconnecting front sway bar and 32-inch tires, taking the Wrangler to the highest level of capability.

All Jeeps can be equipped with systems that earn the brand’s celebrated “Trail Rated” badge, a symbol of its off-road performance in five key consumer-oriented performance categories: traction, ground clearance, maneuverability, articulation and water fording.
 
#6 ·
FCA Winter Drive Program Chrysler Brand


FCA Winter Drive Program Chrysler Brand
Published on Feb 27, 2015

Senior Manager for Chrysler Cars, Andy Love, talks about the unique AWD systems in the Chrysler 200 and 300 that powered them through the snow and ice-covered trails of the FCA Winter Drive Program in Montreal, Canada.
 
#7 ·
Power Wagon Transfer Case Demo


Power Wagon Transfer Case Demo
Published on Feb 27, 2015

Traction control on ice sounds a bit like an oxymoron. That is until you see it for yourself in this Ram Power Wagon Transfer case demo performed at the FCA Winter Drive Program in Montreal, Canada. Ryan Evans, Head of Ram Operations describes what's happening. And yes, that's a sheet of solid ice under those four wheels.
 
#8 ·
2015 FCA Winter Driving Program - Dodge Brand


2015 FCA Winter Driving Program - Dodge Brand
Published on Mar 3, 2015

Head of Dodge Brand Cars, Bob Broderdorf, talks about the unique AWD systems Dodge Brand has to offer consumers from the FCA Winter Drive Program in Montreal, Canada.
 
#9 ·
4WD and AWD Systems Explained for Current FCA US Vehicles


03/22/2015


From the 2015 Chrysler 200 mid-size sedan to the 2015 Jeep Wrangler off-road all-star, Fiat-Chrysler Automobiles' North American arm is currently employing lots of 4WD and all-wheel drive drivelines.

This simple guide aims to explain how these systems differ from one another and what FCA US LLC vehicles come or can be optionally equipped with them.

FCA describes itself as a "global leader in axle-disconnect and active-transfer-case technologies," but how does that translate for every customer desire and operating condition? Thankfully for the curious out there, here's a quick rundown of FCA's systems:


RWD-based 4x4 systems

With this type of driveline, Fiat-Chrysler can squeeze the most off-road capability out of its current line of vehicles. Starting with the 2015 Jeep Wrangler, this model benefits from a system that employes live axles and electronic lockers for a lot of capability off the beaten path.

Built on seven decades of 4x4 engineering experience, the Wrangler is available with 3.21, 3.73 or 4.10 ratios depending on the model. A Dana 30 front axle and a Dana 44 rear axle are employed by the Sport and Sahara models. Additionally, the Command-Trac NV241 part-time two-speed transfer case features a 2.72:1 low-range gear ratio, while the optional Trac-Lok limited-slip rear diff is there to provide extra torque and grip when the going gets very rough.

The 2015 Jeep Wrangler Rubicon, on the other hand, gets two heavy-duty Dana 44 axles and the Rock-Trac NV241 two-speed transfer case with a 4.0:1 low-range gear ratio. The Rubicon is also equipped with electric front and rear locking diffs, as well as a disconnecting front sway bar for unrivaled off-road capability.

In comparison to the Wrangler, the Jeep Grand Cherokee can be had with three full-time 4x4 systems, all of them RWD-based: Quadra-Trac I, Quadra-Trac II and Quadra-Drive II. The Quadra-Trac I system features a single-speed transfer case that accommodates full-time 4x4.

The Quadra-Trac II’s two-speed transfer case uses input from a variety of sensors to determine tire slip. When wheel slippage is detected, as much as 100 percent of available torque is instantly routed to the axle with the most traction. The system can be enhanced with an electronic limited-slip differential as well.

The last family of models that use RWD-based 4x4 systems is the 2015 Ram 1500 4x4 and the 2015 Ram Power Wagon heavy-duty workhorse. Frankly speaking, a rear wheel drive-based four-by-four system is mandatory on pickup trucks designed to tow and haul extremely heavy loads.

FWD-based 4x4 systems

FCA US also does FWD-based 4x4, as seen on the Jeep Cherokee. Speaking of this model, did you know that the Cherokee is the first mid-size SUV to feature rear-axle disconnect for better fuel economy? This system can switch from 2WD to 4WD for full-time torque management and doesn't require driver input.

Available on the Sport, Latitude and Limited models of the Cherokee, the Jeep Active Drive I system features a single power transfer unit (PTU), which is fully automatic. Therefore, it delivers seamless operation in and out of four-wheel drive at any speed, without requiring any driver intervention.

The Jeep Active Drive I 4WD uses a fully variable wet clutch housed in the rear drive module. As for the Jeep Active Drive II (available on all three of the aforementioned models), this includes a two-speed PTU with torque management and low range. The system's 4-Low mode locks the front and rear drive shafts for low speed power or towing, while low range provides a 2.92:1 gear reduction for better climbing ability and crawl in off-road conditions.

Jeep Active Drive Lock is the most advanced front wheel-drive-based 4x4 system currently available for the Cherokee mid-size SUV. What it adds over the Active Drive II is a locking rear differential for better capability and that's about it.

RWD-based AWD systems

This type of driveline is available for the 2015 Dodge Charger, 2015 Chrysler 300 and the 2015 Dodge Durango. Starting with the Durango, customers are offered with a full-time AWD system that uses three separate open diffs: one in its transfer case and one in each of its axles. In addition to this, the Durango's AWD system gets a low-range transfer case with a neutral position that improves light off-road performance.

In the 2015 Dodge Charger's and Chrysler 300's case, the AWD system integrates an active transfer-case and a front-axle-disconnect feature to enhance two things first and foremost: handling and fuel efficiency.

The electronically controlled coupling (ECC) is at the heart of the system’s capability. In contrast, viscous-coupling systems require some degree of front-to-rear slip before torque is transferred to the rear wheels.

FWD-based AWD systems

With the 2015 Chrysler 200, the FCA Group showed the world that it's possible to make a mid-size luxury sedan with a rear-axle disconnect feature to improve fuel efficiency. The AWD system can disconnect and reconnect the rear axle as needed and at any speed, accounting for a parasitic loss reduction of up to 80 percent compared with other part-time AWD technologies.

In the 200's case, the transfer unit (PTU) and the rear-drive module (RDM) are the key elements of the system. Regarding the parasitic loss, some components are kept stationary when the vehicle is in front-wheel drive, elements such as the planetary gear sets and input clutch plates.

When AWD is engaged, up to 60 percent of the available torque can be transferred to the rear wheels.
SOURCE
 
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#13 ·
All-Wheel-Drive Dodge Challenger GT

All-Wheel-Drive Dodge Challenger GT Arriving Soon, People Undoubtedly Freaking Out

Dec 07, 2016



In what might be one of the most sacrilegious automotive things that many drivers secretly want, Dodge has confirmed that an all-wheel-drive Dodge Challenger GT will arrive in early 2017.

The 2017 Dodge Challenger GT will become the very first two-door muscle car with AWD, and it will be available at dealerships in the first quarter of 2017 with production starting in January. The new Challenger GT will surely be a hit with muscle car fans who have to deal with inclement weather, with the AWD system turning the coupe into an all-seasons slayer.

The AWD system in the Challenger GT is the same one that’s found in the Charger, which means it has an active transfer case and front-axle disconnect, which means under normal circumstances, the rear wheels are driven with 100 percent of the torque going to the rear axle until the car detects that more traction is needed, at which point it engages the front axle.

Fortunately, the Challenger GT will also come with a Super Trak Pak button that activates launch control and other performance apps. The GT will also feature three-mode ESC with a full-off mode, which means excellent snow donuts.

Unfortunately, the AWD version of the muscle car will not be available with a V8 or a manual transmission. Power for the Challenger GT will be provided by a 3.6-liter V6 delivering 305 horsepower and 286 pound-feet of torque, which will be sent to all four wheels via an eight-speed automatic transmission (paddle shifters are also standard). Fuel economy for the Dodge Challenger GT is estimated to be 18 mpg city and 27 mpg highway.

The Challenger GT sits on 19-inch HyperBlack aluminum wheels and all-season performance tires. Projector fog lamps, rear park assist, heated and ventilated front seats, heated/powered tilt and telescopic steering wheel, an 8.4-inch UConnect touchscreen, Apple CarPlay, Android Auto, and a backup camera also come standard.

The all-wheel-drive 2017 Dodge Challenger GT will start at $33,395 in the U.S. and $38,545 in Canada (both prices exclude destination fees).



AutoGuide.com
 
#14 ·
AWD muscle from Dodge

Smash the Lock | Brotherhood of Muscle | Dodge

Dec 5, 2017
We all have that thing inside. Time to smash the lock and set it free. AWD muscle from Dodge.



After more than a century of making trouble, we craft muscle cars, compacts, crossovers and SUVs with massive doses of attitude. Built for top performance — from power off the line to handling in the corners — every Dodge vehicle delivers an impressive combination of power, technology, capability and efficiency. If you have questions about our products or would like to contact Dodge directly, please use the "Contact Us" option from our website: http://www.dodge.com.
 
#15 ·
Dodge Nitro: Four-wheel drive operation

Dodge Nitro: Four-wheel drive operation

MP 143 Single-Speed Part-Time Transfer Case

Operating Information/Precautions

The transfer case is operated by the transfer case switch (located on the center console).

Transfer Case Switch

The electronically shifted transfer case provides two mode positions:
• Two-wheel drive high range (2WD).
• Four-wheel drive high range (4WD LOCK).


The electronically shifted transfer case is designed to be driven in the two-wheel drive position (2WD) for normal street and highway conditions (dry hard surfaced roads). When additional traction is required, the transfer case 4WD LOCK position can be used to lock the front and rear driveshafts together and force the front and rear wheels to rotate at the same speed. This is accomplished by rotating the transfer case switch to the desired position. Refer to “Shifting Procedure” for specific shifting instructions. The 4WD LOCK position is designed for loose, slippery road surfaces only.

CAUTION:
• Driving in the 4WD LOCK position on dry hard surfaced roads may cause increased tire wear and damage to the driveline components.
• Do not attempt to make a shift while only the front or rear wheels are spinning. Shifting while only the front or rear wheels are spinning can cause damage to the transfer case.

Proper operation of four-wheel drive vehicles depends on tires of equal size, type and circumference on each wheel. Any difference in tire size can cause damage to the transfer case. Tire rotation schedule should be followed to balance tire wear. Since four-wheel drive provides improved traction, there is a tendency to exceed safe turning and stopping speeds. Do not go faster than road conditions permit.

Shifting Procedure – Electronically Shifted Transfer Case

NOTE: If any of the requirements to select a new transfer case position have not been met, the transfer case will not shift. The “4WD Indicator Light” (located in the display under the tachometer) will flash until all the requirements for the selected position have been met. To retry a shift, return the control knob back to the original position, make certain all shift requirements have been met, wait five seconds and try the shift again.

2WD⇔ 4WD LOCK


Rotate the transfer case switch to the desired position. Shifts between 2WD and 4WD LOCK can be done with the vehicle stopped or in motion. With the vehicle in motion, the transfer case will engage/disengage faster if you momentarily release the accelerator pedal after turning the switch. If the vehicle is stopped, the ignition key must be in the ON position with the engine either RUNNING or OFF. This shift cannot be completed if the key is in the ACC position.

NOTE:

• The four-wheel drive system will not allow shifts between 2WD/4WD LOCK if the front and/or rear wheels are spinning (no traction). In this situation, the “4WD Indicator Light” (located in the display under the tachometer) will flash. At this time, reduce speed and stop spinning the wheels to complete the shift.
• Delayed shifting out of 4WD LOCK may be experienced due to uneven tire wear, low tire pressure, or excessive loading.
 
#16 ·
What’s the Difference Between 4WD and AWD?

What’s the Difference Between 4WD and AWD?

Jul 02, 2018




Before we get too far into this festival of definitions and hair-splitting, it is important to know that – absent of all other considerations – power to all four wheels simply gets you up to crashing speed more quickly. Four- (or all-) wheel drive does nothing to improve stopping distances and does very little if your vehicle is equipped with worn tires that resemble party balloons.

That said, a well-maintained (and smartly driven) vehicle that has four driven wheels has some serious advantages, particularly in slick conditions. Given our climate, there is no shortage of those in the snow belt, explaining that area’s higher take rate on machines with power being delivered to all four corners compared with neighbors to the south.

There are some key differences between four-wheel drive and all-wheel drive, variances that are significant enough they may influence your next buying decision. Buckle up and let’s find out which one is right for you.






What’s the Difference Between 4WD and AWD?

Four-Wheel Drive (4WD) or 4×4


This term often conjures up thoughts of a rugged machine bounding its way over rough terrain, or Dr. Ian Malcolm outrunning a T-Rex in his Jeep Wrangler at Jurassic Park. That image is not without merit, as vehicles bearing the four-wheel drive badge are often trucks or SUVs bound for the wilderness.




At its essence, four-wheel drive is a system that delivers power to all corners of a vehicle equally and without any sort of electronic wizardry. By electronics, we mean systems that are designed to mete out power based on the amount of traction that’s available. Four-wheel drive sends power to a wheel whether it wants some or not.

In 4WD or 4×4, power is routed from the engine through the transmission before making its way through a transfer case and one or more differentials. These units split the power fore-and-aft and left-and-right, respectively. The action of transfer case is driver selected, with a lever or buttons sending commands to the unit, deciding if sending power to all four wheels is desired or not.


A differential, on the other hand, is like your Uncle Buck – quite lazy and generally uncontrollable if left to its own devices. By its nature, power wants to take the path of least resistance, so if you’ve stuffed your 4WD machine into an especially off-camber mudhole, it will send power to the tire that’s five feet in the air because it’s easier to spin than the one that’s making contact with terra firma. This is less than helpful.

It is also why engineers have developed something called locking differentials. This type of differential (or “diff” as it is referred to by the cool kids) allows both wheels on an axle to accept power and turn at the same rate, helping to shove you and your 4WD truck up and out of the obstacle into which you’ve wantonly driven.




This equal split of power is great for maneuvering off-road or tough low-traction situations but isn’t friendly on road in terms of everyday driveability. When one has a four-wheel drive system functioning on dry pavement, it can make simple actions such as turning a huge chore. Why? Think of the path all four wheels take when a vehicle navigates its way around a bend. All of them want to rotate at different rates since the wheels on the outside of a turn travel further than the other two wheels.

Thanks to this, most 4WD systems are known as part-time systems and are designed to be engaged and disengaged by the driver at the flick of a switch or the macho yank of a lever. The transfer case we mentioned earlier may have extra gearing inside of it, allowing 4WD systems to offer two-speed ratios, generally called 4-High and 4-Low. There is a good explanation for this but its technical details caused your author’s mind to spin out of control, even more so that it does after his grog ration of dark rum.

Suffice it to say, 4-Low multiplies the engine’s torque at very low speeds to help off-roaders get out of tricky and low traction situations. It shouldn’t be used at much more than walking speed, as the system will start to make very expensive noises.



All-Wheel Drive (AWD)




These systems are becoming ever more prevalent, thanks to the proliferation of crossovers like the Toyota RAV4, a segment of vehicle that is growing faster than those wayward vines on your cottage you keep meaning to trim. It also shows up on machines varied as sedans and sports cars.

With the help of computers and more than a bit of software programming, a good AWD system metes out power to the wheels that need it, most often automatically and without input from the driver, leaving them free to consider the wonders of the universe or at least what’s for lunch.





The vast majority of modern all-wheel-drive systems are designed to send power to a primary axle. This could be the front or rear depending on the type of vehicle. Most cars and crossovers with AWD send power to the front wheels unless traction is needed at the rear, for example, while the all-wheel drive Dodge Charger generally sends power to the back unless the computers call for traction up front.

There are also a few who send power to all corners at all times, albeit doling it out in various percentages depending on the given traction situation. High-zoot (and high-powered) performance cars use the benefits of AWD to aid traction during aggressive acceleration, while family rides like the CR-V deploy all-wheel drive as a safety feature in slick weather conditions.

Another major mechanical difference between 4WD and AWD is the lack of a transfer case on the latter type of system. While the division of power is handled through differentials, a t-case isn’t needed in this setup. This allows car designers more freedom in designing the machine, as fewer drivetrain parts are required and packaging is much easier. It’s lighter in weight, too.
 
#17 ·
Decision Time: AWD or 4WD?



Both systems have their merits but definitely have very different advantages. Consider a four-wheel-drive system if your duties frequently take you off-road or into heavy snow where driver-controlled traction decisions are important. If your commute regularly takes you up the side of Mount Crumpet, give a lot of thought to 4WD.

For most, though, all-wheel drive is a fine choice. Modern systems will dole out power without the driver needing to give it a second thought, giving them one less task on which to focus while improving traction in weather conditions commonly found in northern areas.

Do your homework, think about your driving situations, and you’ll make the right decision. Just remember that good tires are an important part of the equation, no matter which one you choose.



AutoGuide.com
 
#18 ·
2017 Dodge Challenger GT | All-Wheel Drive Muscle Coupe



Jan 29, 2017
Meet the new 2017 Dodge Challenger GT – the world’s first and only all-wheel-drive American muscle coupe. Designed and engineered for world-class precision, the new 2017 Dodge Challenger GT all-wheel drive (AWD) delivers the performance, power and all-weather capability to carve through some of the worst weather Mother Nature can dish out.
 
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